The biological effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are determined by their mutual interactions. This interaction extremely affects various functions. Lower consumption of omega-3 during gestation leads to various disorders, even in hearing. We aimed to assess the effect of low omega-3/omega-6 ratios on AUDITORY NERVE CONDUCTION. In this experimental study, the AUDITORY brainstem response test was performed on a 24-day-old rat (n=14). The rats were divided into case (low omega-3/omega-6 ratio during gestation and lactation) and control groups. Variables such as P1, P3, and P4 absolute latency period, interpeak (P3-P4, P1-P3 and P1-P4), and P4/P1 amplitude ratio were measured. We found an increased P4 omega-3/omega-6 ratio in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.01). No significant difference was observed in the P1 and P3 absolute latency period between the studied groups (P>0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to the P1-P3 interpeak latency (IPL) periods (P>0.05); while the P1-P4 and P3-P4 IPLs were significantly increased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). The P4/P1 amplitude ratio significantly decreased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). Results confirmed the negative effects of low omega-3/omega-6 ratio on the AUDITORY system and hearing.

Background: Lower limbs NERVEs are exposed to mechanical injuries in the football players and the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of football on the lower leg NERVEs.Materials and Methods: NERVE CONDUCTION studies were done on 35 male college students (20 football players, 15 non active) during 2006 to 2007 in the Shiraz rehabilitation faculty. Standard NERVE CONDUCTION techniques using to evaluate dominant and non dominant lower limb NERVEs.Results: The motor latency of deep peroneal and tibial NERVEs of dominant leg of football players and sensory latency of superficial peroneal, tibial and compound NERVE action potential of tibial NERVE of both leg in football players were significantly prolonged (p<0.05). Motor and sensory NERVE CONDUCTION velocity of tibial and common peroneal in football players were significant delayed (p<0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that football is sport with high contact and it causes sub-clinical neuropathies due to NERVE entrapment.

Background: Regarding to sedentary lifestyle and its early complications, electro diagnostic studies can have valuable effects on prevention, diagnosis, follow up and treatment of neuromuscular disorders. This study aimed to compare NERVE CONDUCTION velocity (NCV) of the posterior tibial NERVE in athletes and nonathletes materials and Methods: Totally 237 university students, 124 with appropriate exercise activity from physical education students and 113 without appropriate physical activity from medical students were se1ceted. General data and data related to NCV of posterior tibial NERVEs in two groups were collected using a previously designed questionaire and neurogram test. Data were analysed by SPSS software using Mann- whithny test in order to compare means. Results: The results showed NCV of right and left on posterior tibial NERVEs in female students were more than male ones (P= 0.041, P=0.012 respectively). NCV of the right and left tibial in athletes and nonathletes females had not statistical differences (P=0.149, P=0/961 respectively). In male students there were significant differences in NCV of right and left tibial NERVEs of athletes and nonathletes (P=0.001) Conclusion: In regard to effect of exercise on increasing NCV and reducing reflective time, it is necessary that physical education centers improve their educational programes.

Introduction: Regarding to sedentary lifestyle and its early complicatoins, electrodiagnostic studies can have valuable effects on prevention, diagnosis, follow up and treatment of neuromuscular disorders. This study aimed to compare NERVE CONDUCTION velocity (NCV) of the ulnar and peroneal NERVEs in athletes and nonathletes. Material and Methods: This case-control study was performed in athletes in Mashhad University of medical sciences in 2003. Totally 237 university students, 114 with appropriate exercise activity from the students of school of sport and exercise sciences as study group and 123 without appropriate physical activity from medical students as control group were selceted. General data and data related to NCV of lunar and proneal NERVEs in two groups were collected using a previously designed questionaire and neurogram test. Data were analysed by SPSS software using Mann- whithny test in order to compare means. Results: The results showed NCV of right and left lunar and peroneal NERVEs in female students were more than male ones (P= 0.003, P=0.075, P=0.002 & <0.001 respectively). NCV of the right and left ulnar in athletes and nonathletes females had statistical differences (P<0.001)but there were no significant differences between right and left peroneal NERVEs. (P=0.131 & P=0.135 respectively). In male students there were significant differences in NCV of right ulnar NERVE of athletes and nonathletes (P<0.001)but in left ulnar NERVE differences was not much (P=0.08), and NCV of the right and left peroneal in athlete male students were statistically more than nonathlete ones (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding to effect of exercise on increasing NCV and reducing reflective time, it is necessary that physical education centers improve their educational programs.

Introduction. Correlation between NERVE CONDUCTION velocity (NCV) in peripheral and central nervous systems and intelligence has been investigated during recent years with different results. To determine whether there is any correlation between peripheral NCV and IQ, we tested median and ulnar NCV in three groups of teenagers with different IQs.Methods. 144 normal subjects aged between 12-17 years were studied in three groups. Group I, with IQ more than 120 (measured with the Wechsler intelligence test), group II, with IQ between 90-110 and group III, with IQ below 70. All three groups matched for age and sex. For each case median and ulnar NCVs were measured in sensory and motor fibers. Mean IQ in study groups were compared using ANOVA.Results. Although the range and mean values of NCV in all tested NERVEs are in normal ranges but there are statistically significant differences between mean NCVs between study groups. In group I (high IQ) mean NCV was higher than groups II and III and mean NCV in group III was less than groups I and II (p<0.05). IQ and NCV were not significantly different in girls and boys (p>0.05).Discussion .It is well established that IQ is a multi-factorial parameter and genetic, environment, hormones and individual physical factors such as size and volume of brain could influence intelligence. This study showed statistically difference between IQ and peripheral NCV in adolescents aged 12-17 years. Investigation of correlation between IQ, NCV and other evoked potentials in different age groups is suggested.

Introduction: Neuropathy is a condition in which the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is disordered. Studying the effects of antioxidants on the performance improvement of this system is vital. This study aimed to investigate the effects of date extract on NERVE CONDUCTION Velocity (NCV), Distal Motor Latency (DML), and wave height of the sciatic NERVE in male rats. Methods: This laboratory study used 24 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g, divided into the test and control groups. The test group received 10% date extract daily, at 4 mL /kg of body weight, for three weeks. In the beginning, NERVE CONDUCTION Velocity (NCV), Distal Motor Latency (DML), and wave height of the sciatic NERVE were examined in all animals and reexamined for NCV three weeks later. P-values lower than 0. 05 were considered significant. Results: Sciatic NCV and wave height were significantly increased,however, compared to the control group, DML of the knee significantly declined in the test group. Conclusion: The compositions of date extract accelerate electrical signal transmission.

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) make chronic hemodialysis easy, but the complications are unpredictable. Ischemic neuropathy due to arterial insufficiency is one of the most important complications of AVF. This study was designed to evaluate ischemic neuropathy using electro diagnostic method in the extremity carrying fistula.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 37 hemodialysis patients at the hemodialysis center of Shahid-Mohammadi hospital (Bandar-Abbas) were enrolled. All of the patients had only one AVF in one extremity.NCV of median and ulnar NERVEs of both upper extremities were evaluated and the intact extremity of all patients served as the control group.Results: In patients with distal AVF, ulnar motor CONDUCTION velocities were significantly increased (p: 0.034). Distal and proximal amplitudes of ulnar NERVE were decreased only in non-diabetic and hypertensive patients (p<0.05). Median sensory NERVE action potential was increased, distal amplitude decreased (p: 0.04) and sensory latency was increased (p: 0.02). In patients with proximal AVF, ulnar proximal amplitude and median motor CONDUCTION velocities were decreased (p: 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the age of AVF and development of neuropathy. In most patients with neuropathy, AVF age was less than one year.Conclusion: Ulnar NERVE is more sensitive to ischemia than median NERVE and sensory fibers are more sensitive than motor fibers. The site of fistula had no affect on the rate of development of ischemic neuropathy. We recommend using electrodiagnostic study for screening of ischemic neuropathy every 6 months in hemodialysis patients.

Background and objectives: The clinical differentiation between lumbosacral radiculopathy and generalized peripheral neuropathies of the distal-axonal type is often difficult. In such cases, the electromyographer relies on the presence of paraspinal or proximal muscle denervation and normal sensory CONDUCTION studies to indicate radicular disease. These criteria are often is inadequate, such as in elderly patients, when amplitudes of sensory NERVE action potentials may be reduced as an age-related phenomenon. So if motor CONDUCTION changes in lumbosacral radiculopathy and generalized peripheral neuropathies are adequately described, a useful electrodiagnostic criterion for differentiation of radiculopathy and neuropathy will be available. Materials and methods: Patients were entered in this study that met strict clinical and electrophysiological criteria for L5/S1 lumbosacral radiculopathy or generalized peripheral neuropathies of the distal-axonal type. The distal axonopathy group consisted of 19 men and 17 women, and lumbosacral radiculopathy group consisted of 28 men and 22 women. To minimize classification errors resulting from age-related changes, we excluded patients older than 60 years. Lower limbs of all patients were examined, recorded parameters included compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, distal latencies and CONDUCTION velocities; minimal, mean and maximal latencies of F-waves, and maximum-minimum latency ranges, and persistence of F-waves of tibial and deep peroneal NERVEs. Results: The mean values of minimal, mean & maximallatencies of F-waves of tibial and deep peroneal NERVEs in neuropathy group were significantly more prolonged than lumbosacral radiculopathy group (p<0.001).The mean CMAPs amplitudes and persistence of tibial and deep peroneal NERVEs F-waves in neuropathy group were lower than lumbosacral radiculopathy group (p<0.001), but mean latency range of F-waves for both NERVEs in lumbosacral radiculopathy group were significantly more prolonged, (p<0.001), that this prolongation is more significant in deep peroneal NERVEs (p=0.004).Conclusion: In young persons that significant decrease of SNAPs amplitude can reliably help to decision, mere dependence to motor CONDUCTION studies is not necessary. Also when there is denervation in proximal muscles that innervated by L5-S1 roots, the radiculopathy is more probable than neuropathy. When a patient is presented with numbness and paresthesia in lower limbs, and sensory NERVE CONDUCTION or electromyographic studies can not help to decision, in these cases motor NERVE CONDUCTION studies especially various parameters of F-wave such as; minimal latency, latency range and persistence could be useful.